Article 6 # 4'2023

© Natalia Shlyun, Ph.D., Associate Professor,
ORCID: 0000-0003-1040-8870,
е-mail:nataliyashlyun@gmail.com;
© Olena Bilobrytska, Ph.D., Associate Professor,
ORCID: 0000-0002-6751-6592,
е-mail: o.bilobrytska@ntu.edu.ua;
© Lyudmyla Shevchuk, Ph.D., Associate Professor,
ORCID: 0000-0002-5748-9527,
е-mail: ludmilashevchuk25@gmail.com;
© Yuliia Zaiets, Ph.D., Associate Professor,
ORCID: 0000-0003-1836-2010,
е-mail: yzaets@gmail.com
National Transport University
CONCENTRATION OF THERMAL STRESSES IN CEMENT CONCRETE AROUND A CAPILLARY, PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY FILLED WITH WATER, DURING ITS FREEZING
DOI: 10.33868/0365-8392-2023-4-276-39-49
Abstract. The article presents the results of theoretical modeling of the effects of thermoforce deformation of a cement-concrete medium in the vicinity of a capillary, partially or completely filled with water, at the stages of lowering the temperature of the system to zero degrees Celsius, turning water into ice at zero degrees and the subsequent drop in temperature. Based on the basic principles of the theory of thermoelasticity, differential equations of deformation of the system are constructed, taking into account the incompatibility of the thermomechanical characteristics of its phases and the peculiarities of the behavior of water when the temperature changes, which consists in its fluidity, incompressi-bility, the dependence of the coefficient of thermal expansion on temperature and the increase in volume when turning into ice. Closed-form solutions are constructed for these equations. It was established that in all cases the thermal stress in the cement-concrete medium is concentrated in the vicinity of the capillary wall and decreases inversely proportional to the square of the radial coordinate. At the stage of turning water into ice, they significantly exceed the strength limit of cement concrete and are the main reason for the formation of localized radial cracks that reduce the frost resistance of the cement concrete structure.
Keywords: road materials, capillary pores, water freezing, ice expansion, thermal stress.

References
1. Huliaiev V. I., Haidachuk V. V., Mozghovyi V. V., Zaiets Yu. O., Shevchuk L. V., Shliun N.V. (2018). Termopruzhnyi stan bahatosharovykh dorozhnikh pokryttiv [Thermoelastic state of multilayer road surfaces.], Kyiv, NTU, 272. [in Ukrainian].
2. Kovalenko, A.D. (1970). Osnovy termopruzhnosti [Thermoelasticity fundamentals]. Kyiv, Naukova Dumka, 239. [in Russian].
3. Elwardany M.D., King G., Planche J.P., Rodezno C., Christensen D., Fertig Ill R.S., Kuhn K.H., Bhuiyan F.H. (2019). Internal restraint damage mechanism for age-induced pavement surface damage. J. Assoc. Asphalt Paving Technol, 88.
4. Hadi S. Esmaeeli, Yaghoob Amir Farnam, D. P. Bentz, Pablo D. Zavattieri (2017). Numerical simulation of the freeze-thaw behavior of mortal containing deicing salt solution. Materials and Structures, 50, 1,  1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-016-0964-8
5. Ishfag Mohiud Din, Mohammad Shafi Miz., Mohammad Adnan Farooq (2020). Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on properties of asphalt pavements in cold regions: A review. Transportation Research Procedia, 48. 3634-3641.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.08.087
6. Ma B., Si W., Zhu D. (2015). Applying method of moments to model the reliability of deteriorating performance to asphalt pavement under freeze-thaw cycles in cold regions. J. Mater. Civ. Eng, 27. https://doi.org/04014103. 10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001027
7. Micah Hale W., Freyne S.F., Russel B.W. (2009). Examining the frost resistance of high performance concrete. Constr. Build. Mater, 23, 878-888.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.04.006
8. Michael Elwardany, Jean-Pascal Planche, Gayle King. (2020). Universal and practical approach to evaluate asphalt binder resistance to thermally-induced damage. Construction and Building Materials, 255, 119331, 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119331
9. Mohammed A. Abed, György L. Balázs Concrete performance in cold regions: Understanding concrete’s resistance to freezing/thawing cycles. Chapter Metrics Overview. October 15, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99968
10. Mossop S.C. (1955). The freezing of supercooled water. Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B, 68, 4, 193.
11. Piotr Jaskula, Josef Judyski (2008). Verification of the criteria for evaluation of water and frost resistance of asphalt concrete. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 9, 1, 135-162.
https://doi.org/0.1080/14680629.2008.9690163
12. Pounder E.R. (1965). The Physics of Ice. Pergamon Press: Oxford, U.K.
13. Powell R.W. (1958). Thermal conductivities and expansion coefficients of water and ice. Advances in Physics, 7, 26, 276-297.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00018735800101277.
14. Qian Z., Chuang-jun L. (2010). Analysis of micro structural damage characteristics of freeze-thaw split asphalt mixtures. J. Highw. Transp. Res. Dev, 6-9.
15. Qiang Zeng, Teddy Fen-Chong, Patrick Dangla, Kefei Li. (2011). A study of freezing behavior of cementitious materials by poromechanical approach. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 48, 22-23, 3267-3273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2011.07.018
16. Rakesh Kumar, Bishwajit Bhattacharjee. (2003). Porosity, pore size distribution and in situ strength of concrete. Cement and Concrete Research, 33, 155-164.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00942-0
17. Simonsen E., Isacsson U. (1999). Thaw weakening of pavement structures in cold regions. Cold Reg. Sci. Technol., 29, 135-151.
18. Tahir Gonen, Salih Yazicioglu, Bohar Demirel. (2015). The influence of freezing-thawing cycles on the capillary water absorption and porosity of concrete with mineral admixture. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19, 667-671.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-012-0207-7
19. Gulyayev V. I., Mozgovyi V. V., Shlyun N. V., Shevchuk L. V. (2022). Modelling negative thermomechanical effects in reinforced road structures with thermoelastic incompatibility of coating and reinforcement materials. System Research and Information Technologies, 2, 17-127. https://doi.org/10.20535/SRIT.2308-8893.2022.2.09
20. Xu H., Guo W., Tan Y. (2015). Internal structure evolution of asphalt mixtures during freeze-thaw cycles. Mat. Des, 86, 436-446.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.073
21. Yi-qin T. Li-dong Z., Bi-Wel L. (2011). Research on freeze-thaw damage model and life prediction of asphalt mixtures. J. Highw. Transp. Res. Dev., 1-7.